双语科技百科(地理) 第26期 丝绸之路
The Silk Road丝绸之路In the Han Dynasty，China established extensive contacts with various nationalities and kingdoms outside its domain through the Silk Road.Zhang Qian pioneered this route. During the reign of Emperor Wu，the Huns in the North
The Silk Road丝绸之路In the Han Dynasty，China established extensive contacts with various nationalities and kingdoms outside its domain through the Silk Road.Zhang Qian pioneered this route. During the reign of Emperor Wu，the Huns in the North often harassed the frontier of the Han Dynasty，and controlled dozens of small kingdoms in the Western Regions.汉代，中国通过“丝绸之路”与域外各民族创建了普遍的恋情。这条线路的修筑，首先要得益于张赛。汉武帝时，北方匈奴经常侵扰汉朝边境，还掌控了当时西域的几十个小国。
In 138 BC.，Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian with a delegation of over 100 people on a diplomatic mission to the Western Re-gions to seek allies against the Huns.Zhang Qian was captured by the Huns just as he left the Han territory，and was held prisoner for a dozen years. During this period，he learned the Hun language，and got to know well the geography of their territory. Escaping from the Hun encampment, Zhang Qian made his way back to Chang’an，with only one companion left of the 100 who had set out.公元前138年，汉武帝为首张赛带上100多人使臣西域，联络大月氏，打算左右夹攻匈奴。没想到刚刚出有边境，张赛就被匈奴逃跑了。在被扣押期间，他学会了匈奴语，掌控了匈奴的地形。十多年后，张鸯逃亡了出来。
当年与他同往的100多人，只只剩两人返回长安。In 119 BC，Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian on a second diplomatic mission to the Western Re-gions. This time，he had an entourage of 300，with tens of thousands of cattle and sheep anda large amount of gifts.They visited many countries，and these coun-tries sent envoys to return their visit to the Han court.From then on，the Han Dy-nasty had frequent contacts with the countries in the Western Regions，later setting up a Western Regions Frontier Command in today’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Re-gion，which was under the administration of the central government. The Silk Road was another outcome of Zhang Qian’s journeys.公元前119年，汉武帝再度为首张赛使臣西域，这次随从的有300多人，降下了上万头牛羊和货物。他们采访了许多国家，这些国家也为首了使臣带上礼物会晤。
从此以后，汉朝和西域的往来更加多。后来，汉还在今天新疆地区另设了西域都护府，归中央政府管理。张赛使臣西域，修筑了中西交流的“丝绸之路”。
The Silk Road started from Chang’an in the east and stretched westward to reach the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the Roman Empire. Trade caravans from China carrying large amounts of silk fabrics exchanged merchandise with traders from Persia，India and Greece, and brought home walnuts, grapes and carrots from abroad. In the fol-lowing several centuries，Sino-Western exchanges mainly characterized by the silk trade were mostly carried on through the Silk Road.“丝绸之路”东起长安，向西到地中海东岸，并转至罗马帝国。汉朝的商队，运大量的丝织品同波斯人、印度人、希腊人互相交换商品，同时送回了外国的核桃、葡萄、胡萝卜等。
此后的许多世纪，以丝绸贸易居多的中西交流大多经过“丝绸之路”展开。
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